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Filed 10/29/21
20-cr-00330-PAE Document 397-2
Case 1
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Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 397-2
Alaggia et al.
Filed 10/29/21 Page 3of 45
26
CSA to authorities and the high rates reported in prevalence
studies. For example, a meta-analysis conducted by S
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Filed 10/29/21
20-cr-00330-PAE Document 397-2
Case 1
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® Check for updates
Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 397-2 Filed 10/29/21 Page 2 of 45
Review Manuscript
TRAUMA, VIOLENCE, & ABUSE
2019, Vol. 20(2) 260-283
© The Author(s) 2017
Article reuse guide
Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 397-1 Filed 10/29/21 Page 42 of 43
298 — S. Craven et al.
References
Berliner, L. & Conte, J. R. (1990). The process of victimization: The victims’ perspective. Chil
Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 397-1 Filed 10/29/21 Page 43 of 43
Sexual grooming of children 299
Stop it Now (2003). What we all need to know to protect our children. Available at: http://www.stopi
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Exhibit B
DOJ-OGR-00005911
Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 397-1 Filed 10/29/21 Page 41 of 43
Sexual grooming of children 297
Towards a new definition of sexual grooming of children
The definitions of sexual grooming present
Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 397-1 Filed 10/29/21 Page 40 of 43
296 — S. Craven et al.
Offenders frequently make the child feel responsible for the abuse (Leberg, 1997; van
Dam, 2001; Warner, 200
Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 397-1 Filed 10/29/21 Page 39 of 43
Sexual grooming of children 295
that offenders who abused boys showed a preference for interacting at the child’s level, and
incest
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294 — S. Craven et al.
Gollwitzer and Schaal (1998, cited in Ward & Hudson, 2000) suggest that it is through
automatic goal-depende
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Sexual grooming of children 293
In order to gain access to their victim(s), offenders groom the environment and their
potential vic
Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 397-1 Filed 10/29/21 Page 36 of 43
292 — S. Craven et al.
is crucial in order to prevent child sexual abuse. However, retrospective identification of
sexual grooming,
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Sexual grooming of children 291
Despite Ward and Siegert presenting their Pathways Model as a comprehensive theory of
sexual offend
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290 8S. Craven et al.
However, this criticism may be countered if a definition of aggression were to include indirect
aggression, w
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Sexual grooming of children 289
violence, threat and force; criminal—opportunist, which tended to be one-off offences on
strangers;
Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 397-1 Filed 10/29/21 Page 32 of 43
288 — S. Craven et al.
weaknesses of these definitions are discussed in turn below. First, O’Connell defines sexual
grooming as:
A
Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 397-1 Filed 10/29/21 Page 31 of 43
Taylor & Francis Group
Journal of Sexual Aggression : Routledge
(November 2006), Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 287 299
Sexual grooming of ch
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Dietz 35
Funding
The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publi-
cation of this article.
Note
ise 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 397-1 Filed 10/29/21 Page 30 of
36 Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33(1)
Lanning, K. V., & Dietz, P. (2014). Acquaintance molestation and youth-serv-
ing organization
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34 Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33(1)
“Because the affectional needs of the child are not adequately met by the
parents, the child
ise 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 397-1 Filed 10/29/21 Page 27 of
Dietz 33
Cioffi (1976) interpreted Freud as using the concept of seduction to refer
only to nonviolent sexual assaults, writing “. . . h
ise 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 397-1 Filed 10/29/21 Page 26 of
32 Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33(1)
e “... It was expected that a connection would be found between the
child’s symptom and the s
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Dietz 31
not mention the misuse of the term in civil litigation. Where a victim is suing
an employer or organization in connection with
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30 Journal of Interpersonal Violence 33(1)
Figure |. Use of the term “grooming” in association with “child sexual abuse” in
the professi
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Dietz 29
Keywords
grooming, seduction, child sexual abuse, acquaintance molestation, litigation
Grooming and Seduction
In the developm
Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 397-1 Filed 10/29/21 Page 21 of 43
976 N. Bennett and W. O’Donobue
McAlinden, A. (2006). “Setting ’em up”: Personal, familial and institutional grooming
in the sexual
Check for updates ns
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Commentary
Journal of Interpersonal Violence
. 2018, Vol. 33(1) 28-36
Grooming and © The Author(s) 2017
Reprints
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Grooming in Child Sexual Abuse 975
Berliner, L., & Conte, J. R. (4990). The process of victimization: The victims’
perspective. Chil
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Grooming in Child Sexual Abuse 973
appropriate (perhaps a one piece) is a better way to allow the child
to engage in the healthy act
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974 N. Bennett and W. O’Donobue
grooming and the prevention of future abuse (by perhaps a comparison with
a no treatment contro). An
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972 N. Bennett and W. O’Donobue
gym shoes with her mother’s consent generally would not. A criticism of this
definition is that “app
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Grooming in Child Sexual Abuse 971
4, Having age-appropriate and relationship-appropriate discussions of body
parts.
5. A care-givi
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970 N. Bennett and W. O’Donobue
4, Inappropriate touching of the child (e.g., excessive tickling, hugging,
wrestling, sitting on lap
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Grooming in Child Sexual Abuse 969
1. Minimize false negatives. Thus, we wanted the definition to be sensitive
to all occurrences of
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968 N. Bennett and W. O’Donobue
relationship with her victim’s parents to gain their approval of spending time
with their child.
Va
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Grooming in Child Sexual Abuse 967
Knoll (2010) found that while a teacher is using bribery to gain the
trust of a victim, typically
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Grooming in Child Sexual Abuse 965
talking, giving special attention, trying to get the child to initiate contact with
me. Get the c
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966 N. Bennett and W. O’Donobue
prior to beginning any sexual abuse. However, this is a somewhat flawed
analysis, as there ought to
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964 N. Bennett and W. O’Donobue
on the victims and ask them what techniques their abusers used prior to
the abuse. It is important to
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Grooming in Child Sexual Abuse 963
which makes the definitional and measurement process even more complex
as each of these stages must
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962 N. Bennett and W. O’Donobue
TABLE 3 Proposed Stages of Grooming
Author Stages of Grooming
van Dam (2001) . Identify vulnerable
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Grooming in Child Sexual Abuse 961
TABLE 2 Proposed Subtypes of Grooming
Author Types of Grooming
Leberg (1997) . Physically groom
Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 397-1
960
Filed 10/29/21
N. Bennett and W. O’Donobue
TABLE 1 General Definitions of Grooming
Author(s)
Definition of Grooming (taken directly from reference)
Sgr
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Grooming in Child Sexual Abuse 959
capture the notion of grooming because these already involve illegal and
abusive contract with a ch
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958 N. Bennett and W. O’Donobue
before abuse has actually taken place the abuse may be prevented. Second,
in a forensic context, sexua
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Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 23:957-976, 2014
Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC Routledge
ISSN: 1053-8712 print/1547-0679 on
Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 397-1 Filed 10/29/21 Page1of 43
Exhibit A
DOJ-OGR- 00005868
Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document 397 Filed 10/29/21 Page 82 of 84
evidence—including evidence of rape, where it occurs—is the core conduct in the case. See, e.g.,
United States v. English, No. 18 Cr.
Case 1:20-cr-00330-PAE Document397 Filed 10/29/21 Page 81 of 84
intention that they would engage in illegal or commercial sex acts, and conspiring to do, and aiding
and abetting, the same. These even